Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
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Vitamin B12 is synthesized only by microorganisms.
Animal tissues, particularly liver, is an excellent source of
B12 due to its storage from dietary sources.
Deficiency is known as pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia).
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Vitamin B12 functions physiologically in as a component
of the coenzyme necessary for the conversion of: methylmalonyl-CoA to
succinyl-CoA (in the citric acid cycle), homocysteine to methionine, and,
methyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.